Mimosa pudica (MP) is a traditional plant. Leaves, roots and whole plant are used for the treatment of diabetes mellitus (DM). In siddha medicine, Mimosa pudica Chooranam is an herbal preparation is used for the treatment of type 2 DM. The present study was designed to evaluate the antidiabetic effect of MP leaves extract on the activities of key enzymes of carbohydrate metabolism in control and streptozotocin (STZ) induced diabetic rats. Diabetes was induced by feeding high fat diet (HFD) for 2 weeks followed by intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg b.wt/rat).Seven days after STZ injection, diabetic rats received ethanol extract of MP leaves (300 mg/kg) daily for 30 days. The effect of ethanol extract of MP leaves on blood glucose, plasma insulin, glycosylated hemoglobin, glucose metabolizing enzymes were studied. The ethanol extract of MP leaves exerted significant effect of antihyperglycemic activity via altering carbohydrate metabolizing enzyme and insulin secretion activity.