Bush burning is the removal of the natural vegetation cover that protects the soil surface through the use of fire. This exposes the land to the effect of wind, water erosion and ultraviolet radiation. Bush burning has detrimental effect to the environment, health and the economy. It involves the production of air pollution such as carbon monoxide, hydrocarbon, hydrogen sulphide, nitrogen oxide, sulphur, ozone and other oxidants. Particulate pollutants such as dust, fume, mist and smoke are also obtained from bush burning. The sources and effect of these pollutant in relation to carbon sequestration and how they affects agricultural output, the environment, health and economy were discuss in this review. Other effect of bush burning reported in this review are; global warming, habitat destruction, loss of biodiversity, increase erosion, vector-borne diseases, cancer, change in phenology, and economic loss. Loss of plant biodiversity is a significant component of climate change; if these plants are allowed to stay the ecosystem balance will be maintained and favourable climatic condition attained. Recurrent bush burning in northern states of Nigeria is gradually becoming a norm, hence the need for this review to enlighten the general populace and also bring to notice its impact on climate change paradigm