Rapid detection of microorganisms has becomes more important to many companies in food and beverage areas and contributes to a better control of raw materials as well as finished products. Adopting rapid technologies would allow companies for cost saving and would speed up products release. Despite clear advantages, traditional methods are still frequently used. Products are incubated in a liquid or solid culture media routinely for 2 to 7 days before getting results of contamination. This required lengthy incubation time is chiefly as a result of stressed microorganisms present in complex materials needs several days to grow to visible colonies to be detected. Moreover, In specific applications, this incubation period can be increased up to 14 days. Although simplicity is evident in these techniques, the use of economical materials and their acceptability to the regulatory authorities, the major disadvantage is the amount of time required to produce microbiological results. Thus, need for the increase in demand for quick methods of detection; many alternative technologies have been developed. In the area of rapid detection of microorganisms, bacteria bioluminescence centered on luciferine/luciferase reaction has shown great interest. The chemical reaction can take place either within or outside of the cell. In bacteria, the expression of genes related to bioluminescence is controlled by an operon called the Lux operon. Indeed, this is an excellent marker for viability and cellular contamination. Detection through bacteria luminescence technology is therefore an accepted method to replace traditional method and significantly reduce detection time without losing reliability.